Garry Cratt

On the Airwaves: Honouring History in the 2025 Remembrance Day Radio Contest

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Each year, thousands of Australian amateur radio operators power up their rigs in mid-August—not just for the thrill of making contacts, but to honour a legacy.

This year’s Remembrance Day Contest will be held over the weekend of August 16–17, bringing together radio amateurs across VK, ZL and P29 call areas for one of the most meaningful events in the amateur radio calendar.

A contest with purpose

The Remembrance Day (RD) Contest is more than just a weekend of callsigns and contacts. It was first introduced in 1948 by the Wireless Institute of Australia (WIA) as a way to commemorate amateur radio operators who lost their lives during World War II.

The timing is symbolic—it takes place on the weekend closest to August 15, the date on which hostilities ceased in the Southwest Pacific in 1945. Each year, the contest brings the amateur radio community together to remember, reflect, and enjoy a spirit of friendly on-air competition.

How the contest works

The aim is simple: make contact with as many stations in VK, ZL and P29 as possible, on all amateur bands excluding the WARC bands (10, 18 & 24 MHz), and using traditional modes such as:

  • PHONE

  • CW (Morse Code)

  • RTTY (Radio Teletype)

Operators can use MF (160 metres), HF, and VHF & above. Whether you’re chasing contacts or logging them as a Shortwave Listener, it’s a great weekend to hone your operating or listening skills.

Tips for shortwave listeners

SWLs can join in the fun by tuning into these frequencies during the contest:

160m: 1843–1875 kHz
80m: 3535–3570 kHz and 3600–3700 kHz
40m: 7080–7300 kHz
20m: 14112–14300 kHz
15m: 21150–21450 kHz
10m: 28300–29100 kHz

It’s the perfect opportunity to test your antennas, refine your logging, and experience the buzz of a live contest weekend.

Gear to get you contest-ready

Thinking of participating or improving your reception over the RD weekend? We recommend checking out some of our top gear for both operators and listeners:

Xiegu G90 HF Transceiver

  • 20W SDR-based radio

  • Built-in antenna tuner

  • 0.5–30 MHz coverage

  • Real-time panadapter display

  • Compact, rugged and contest-friendly

HF Portable Dipole Antenna
Perfect for setting up in the field or at home, with coverage for the most-used HF bands.

10 Metre Amateur Transceiver & Base Station Antennas
Great options for working the 10m band, especially when band conditions open up.

Why this contest still matters

In a hobby that blends modern digital modes with century-old traditions, the Remembrance Day Contest stands out as a way to pause, reflect and connect—literally and figuratively. It’s a reminder that radio, even in its most technical form, carries with it real human stories.

Ready to join in?

Whether you’re operating, logging or just listening in, this is your weekend to tune in and pay tribute. Dust off the rig, check your antennas, and be part of this proud annual tradition.

For official contest rules, scoring, logging templates and more, head to the WIA website.
Need new gear? Explore our contest-ready range at tecsunradios.com.au

The Tecsun Radios Australia Team

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Garry Cratt

Shortwave in the Sunburnt Land

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How Australians Continue to Make This Hobby Their Own

In a country as vast and varied as Australia, shortwave radio has long played a quiet but powerful role. It’s more than a hobby—it’s been a lifeline, a companion, and a source of connection for countless Australians, from remote stations in the outback to coastal towns and suburbs.

To celebrate that spirit, we’re sharing a short poem that reflects on what shortwave means in our wide, open landscape:

Shortwave in the Sunburnt Land

Across the bush and coastal shore,
 Shortwave signals start to roar.
 From foreign news to Aussie call,
 It travels freely, reaching all.

We built our kits, we tuned each dial,
 And found a voice from every mile.
 With country vast and towns so wide,
 Radio stayed right by our side.

No apps required, no cables neat—
 Just radios humming to their beat.
 And every net and every wave,
 Connects the hearts of those who crave.

A Tradition That Endures

While technology continues to race forward, the reliability and simplicity of shortwave radio still hold strong appeal. It’s independent, it’s global, and it works where nothing else does. For many Australians, especially those living outside major cities, that matters.

Shortwave has also stayed relevant by evolving with the times. DSP receivers, digital demodulation, compact antennas and more have made it easier than ever to get started—and to keep improving.

Long Weekends on the Bands

The recent King’s Birthday long weekend was a perfect example. Across the country, enthusiasts set up antennas. Radio nets buzzed with activity. Whether chatting with mates or scanning for distant broadcasts, operators made the most of the extra time and quiet air.

There’s something especially rewarding about going portable, tuning in from under the gum trees, or checking in with your regular net from somewhere off-grid. The experience is both peaceful and powerful.

What Did You Get Up To?

Were you on the air over the long weekend? Did you try out a new antenna or tick off a DX station you’ve been chasing?

We’d love to hear your stories. Share a photo, leave a comment, or tag us online with your setup or logbook highlights.

Shortwave in Australia isn’t going anywhere—and with every new voice on the dial, it continues to grow.

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Michael

Shortwave Radio and Cryptography: The Secret Side of the Airwaves

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Shortwave Radio and Cryptography: The Secret Side of the Airwaves

Shortwave Radio and Cryptography: The Secret Side of the Airwaves

Shortwave radio is a fascinating medium that has connected people across the globe for decades. It’s not just a platform for international broadcasters, amateur operators, and hobbyists—it also has a history steeped in mystery and secrecy. Welcome to the hidden world where shortwave radio and cryptography intersect, revealing a legacy of coded wartime messages, enigmatic numbers stations, and the enduring allure of decoding the unknown.

Cryptography Over the Airwaves: A Brief History

Since World War I, governments worldwide have used shortwave radio to send encrypted messages to their operatives across the globe. The medium’s ability to cover vast distances with a relatively simple setup made it an ideal choice for clandestine communications. Correctly decoding these messages required possession of a one-time pad or codebook—a key that unlocked the seemingly random streams of letters and numbers.

During World War II, this technique became even more refined. Allied and Axis forces alike used shortwave transmissions to communicate with spies, resistance fighters, and military units. The famous Enigma machine, used by Nazi Germany, is a prime example of cryptographic innovation intersecting with shortwave radio. While the Enigma codes were famously broken by Alan Turing and his team at Bletchley Park, many other ciphers remained undeciphered, adding to the mystique of wartime shortwave cryptography.

Numbers Stations: The Enigma of Modern Cryptography

One of the most intriguing aspects of shortwave radio is the mysterious phenomenon of numbers stations. These stations transmit sequences of numbers, letters, or tones in an almost hypnotic repetition, often read by an automated or synthesized voice. Sometimes, Morse code or digital formats are used instead. Their purpose? To deliver secret instructions to intelligence operatives.

Governments from countries such as Cuba, Russia, North Korea, Israel, the USA, and even former nations like Czechoslovakia have been known to use numbers stations. These transmissions are nearly impossible to trace back to their origin, making them a highly secure and anonymous method of communication. All a recipient needs is a shortwave radio, knowledge of the transmission’s time and frequency, and the corresponding codebook to decipher the message.

Numbers stations are shrouded in mystery and have captivated shortwave enthusiasts for decades. Some of the most famous stations include the “Lincolnshire Poacher,” thought to originate from the UK, and “UVB-76,” a Russian station also known as “The Buzzer.” Their cryptic broadcasts continue to fascinate listeners, sparking countless theories and debates.

To dive deeper into this enigmatic world, don’t miss our dedicated blog on numbers stations, where we explore their history, notable examples, and why they remain relevant in the modern age.

Why Shortwave and Cryptography Endure

In an era dominated by digital communication, why do shortwave radio and cryptography still matter? The answer lies in their simplicity and resilience. Shortwave transmissions are hard to intercept and jam, and they don’t rely on internet infrastructure or modern technology. This makes them an excellent backup for covert communications and an enduring symbol of secrecy.

For enthusiasts, the thrill of decoding a hidden message or stumbling upon a mysterious broadcast adds an element of adventure to shortwave listening. It’s not just about hearing voices from distant lands; it’s about uncovering secrets and connecting with a part of history that’s both fascinating and elusive.

Tune In and Decode the Unknown

Shortwave radio’s intersection with cryptography is a reminder that the airwaves hold more than just music and news—they carry secrets, stories, and a legacy of ingenuity. Whether you’re a history buff, a cryptography enthusiast, or a curious listener, exploring this hidden side of shortwave radio is a journey worth taking.

Grab your shortwave receiver, tune in, and who knows? You might just stumble upon the next great mystery waiting to be decoded.

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Michael

One of the best testimonials we have been sent- EVER!

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Imagine being nestled in a remote cabin north of the Arctic Circle, surrounded by the icy expanse, with only the occasional glimpse of the sun. This is the backdrop for a heartfelt review from a seasoned shortwave listener who found comfort and connection through the Degen DE13DSP Emergency AM/FM/SW Solar Radio—our “cheap and cheerful” solution priced at just $52.50.

In this touching letter to the Tecsun Radios Australia Team, our customer shares how this little radio has become a lifeline in one of the most extreme environments on Earth. Despite the challenges of Arctic life, this radio—powered by the fleeting Arctic sun—has stood strong, delivering reliable performance where it matters most.

But the story doesn’t end there. Whether in the icy north or the subtropical warmth of Darwin, our customer has experienced firsthand the rugged durability and superior performance of our Tecsun radios. Join us as we delve into this incredible journey of resilience, connection, and the extraordinary reach of a simple radio.

“Dear The Tecsun Radios Australia Team

Greetings from an aged shortwave listener in a cabin north of the Arctic Circle! I’m writing to express my gratitude for the exceptional service I’ve received from your team.

I’ve been enjoying my Degen DE13DSP Emergency AM/FM/SW Solar Radio here in the Arctic, where the occasional sessional sun provides just enough power to keep the battery alive. The radio has been a reliable companion in this remote location.

When I’m back home in the subtropics of Darwin, I use my Tecsun S2000 and Tecsun PL 990 radios, both of which have exceeded my expectations. Your products truly stand up to the elements, whether in the icy north or the warm tropics.

I also wanted to mention how thrilled I was to receive the company T-shirt, which I proudly wear in the photo taken here in the Arctic. It’s a wonderful gesture that I deeply appreciate.

Thank you once again for your outstanding products and service. It’s rare to find such dedication and quality, and I’m grateful for all that you do.”

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Michael

Famous Shortwave Radio Moments: Historic Broadcasts and Their Impact

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Hello, fellow shortwave enthusiasts! Here at Tecsun Radios Australia, we love diving into the rich and fascinating history of shortwave radio. It’s incredible how these broadcasts have played pivotal roles in global events. Let’s take a trip down memory lane and revisit some famous shortwave moments that changed the world—and maybe share a chuckle or two along the way.

The Fall of Singapore (1942) During World War II, British-controlled Radio Singapore broadcast the news of Singapore’s fall to Japanese forces in February 1942. This transmission marked a turning point in the war and had everyone clutching their radios in shock. It was a wake-up call to the vulnerabilities of the Allied forces and changed the global perception of the war’s progression. Talk about a plot twist!

D-Day Invasion (1944) June 6, 1944, saw one of the most critical operations of World War II—the D-Day invasion. Shortwave radios around the world buzzed with updates from the beaches of Normandy. These broadcasts didn’t just relay news; they were morale boosters, cheering on the Allied forces as they began the endgame against Nazi Germany. Imagine the tension and excitement—like tuning in for the finale of a gripping series!

The Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) The Cuban Missile Crisis was a nail-biter, and shortwave radio was the suspenseful soundtrack. With Radio Moscow and Voice of America at the helm, updates and propaganda flew across the airwaves. These broadcasts informed and influenced global public opinion during one of the Cold War’s most intense standoffs. It was like a high-stakes poker game, and everyone had their ears glued to the radio.

Apollo 11 Moon Landing (1969) “That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.” Who could forget the thrilling moment when Neil Armstrong set foot on the moon? Shortwave radios were the portals to this historic achievement, uniting millions in awe and excitement. It was a moment of pure, unadulterated wonder—like discovering your favourite radio station’s signal is crystal clear on a foggy night.

Fall of the Berlin Wall (1989) The fall of the Berlin Wall was a joyous occasion that symbolised the end of the Cold War. Shortwave stations like Radio Free Europe played a vital role in broadcasting the news, and you could almost hear the collective cheer through the airwaves. It was a celebration of freedom and unity, a moment that made everyone feel like dancing to the sweet sound of liberty.

Tiananmen Square Protests (1989) During the Tiananmen Square protests, shortwave radio was a lifeline of uncensored information. Stations like Voice of America and BBC World Service provided coverage that the Chinese government tried to suppress. These broadcasts were crucial in informing the international community about the pro-democracy protests and the subsequent crackdown. It was a brave stand for truth, echoing through the static.

September 11 Attacks (2001) The September 11 terrorist attacks were a heart-wrenching moment in modern history. Shortwave radios played a critical role in providing immediate news coverage to people worldwide. Stations like Voice of America broadcast real-time updates, offering a global perspective on the events and their aftermath. In times of crisis, shortwave radio proves to be an invaluable companion.

The Impact of Historic Shortwave Broadcasts

These historic broadcasts demonstrate the power of shortwave radio in shaping global events and public perception. Shortwave radio has served as a lifeline in times of war, a beacon of hope in moments of despair, and a bridge for communication across borders.

Educational and Cultural Exchange Shortwave radio has facilitated educational and cultural exchanges by broadcasting programs that promote understanding and cooperation among different cultures. Stations like the BBC World Service and Radio Netherlands Worldwide have contributed to global education and cultural enrichment.

Advocacy and Human Rights In countries with restricted media, shortwave radio has been a critical tool for advocating human rights and democracy. By providing uncensored news and information, shortwave broadcasts have supported movements for freedom and justice worldwide.

Emergency Communication In times of natural disasters and emergencies, shortwave radio has proven indispensable. Its ability to reach remote areas and provide reliable communication makes it a vital tool for disaster response and recovery.

The legacy of shortwave radio is marked by its ability to transcend borders, connect people, and document history as it unfolds. From wartime broadcasts to moments of scientific achievement and social change, shortwave radio has played an integral role in shaping our world. As we look to the future, the enduring impact of these historic broadcasts reminds us of the power of radio waves to inform, inspire, and unite humanity.

So, the next time you tune into your Tecsun radio, remember—you’re not just listening; you’re part of a grand tradition that’s been making waves for decades. Happy listening!

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Michael

Rediscovering the Power of Shortwave Radio: A Journey into Untapped Potential

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As a passionate enthusiast of all things radio-related, stumbling upon a thought-provoking article titled “Why Is Shortwave Only ‘the Radio of Last Resort’? Its powerful new capabilities remain largely unexplored” by Simon Keens of Radio World ignited a spark of curiosity within me. Shortwave radio, often dubbed as the ‘radio of last resort,’ has long lingered in the shadows of modern communication technologies. Yet, its potential remains vast and largely untapped.

In an age dominated by digital streaming services and satellite communication, shortwave radio might seem antiquated to some. However, delving deeper into Keens’ article revealed a different narrative – one that speaks of resilience, versatility, and the potential for innovation within the realm of shortwave broadcasting.

The article shed light on the multifaceted capabilities of shortwave radio, highlighting its ability to traverse vast distances with minimal infrastructure. Unlike its counterparts, shortwave signals can propagate over thousands of kilometres, making it an invaluable tool for global communication, especially in remote or disaster-stricken regions where traditional means of communication may falter.

What struck me the most was the notion that shortwave radio is often perceived as a ‘last resort’ rather than a primary means of communication. This begs the question: why is such a powerful medium relegated to the sidelines? Is it due to the allure of modern technology or simply a lack of awareness about its potential?

Keens’ article challenged me to reconsider my own perceptions of shortwave radio and prompted me to embark on a journey of exploration into its capabilities. As I delved deeper into the world of shortwave broadcasting, I was astonished by the wealth of content and diversity of voices that permeate the airwaves.

From international news broadcasts and cultural programs to amateur radio operators and clandestine stations, shortwave radio offers a tapestry of voices that transcend borders and ideologies. It serves as a platform for free expression and cultural exchange, fostering connections between individuals and communities across the globe.

 The resilience of shortwave radio in the face of adversity cannot be overstated. During times of crisis, when other forms of communication may fail, shortwave radio often emerges as a lifeline, providing vital information and fostering a sense of solidarity among listeners.

Yet, despite its undeniable strengths, shortwave radio continues to face challenges in an increasingly digitalised world. The proliferation of internet-based communication platforms and the decline of traditional broadcasting have posed significant obstacles to the growth of shortwave radio.

However, rather than viewing these challenges as insurmountable barriers, we should see them as opportunities for innovation and adaptation. As technology evolves, so too should our approach to shortwave broadcasting. By embracing digital advancements and exploring new modes of content delivery, we can breathe new life into this time-honoured medium.

My encounter with Simon Keens’ enlightening article on shortwave radio served as a catalyst for reevaluation and exploration. It reminded me of the enduring power and potential of this oft-overlooked medium and inspired me to advocate for its revitalisation.

As we navigate an increasingly interconnected yet fragmented world, the role of shortwave radio as a beacon of communication and cultural exchange has never been more vital. It is my hope that through continued innovation and collaboration, we can unlock the full potential of shortwave radio and usher in a new era of global connectivity and understanding.

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Michael

The Mysteries of HAARP: Exploring Amateur Radio Activity in the Ionosphere

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Garry stumbled upon an intriguing discovery during his online perusal: a fascinating blog post that sheds light on the enigmatic world of amateur radio activity. We’re thrilled to share this valuable information with you, sourced from EI7GL’s “A Diary of Amateur Radio Activity” Blogspot.

In the heart of Alaska lies the High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP), a pioneering initiative delving into the mysteries of the ionosphere. HAARP boasts a formidable high-power, high-frequency (HF) transmitter designed explicitly for ionospheric studies. At its core lies a sophisticated array of 180 HF crossed-dipole antennas, capable of emitting a staggering 3.6 megawatts into the upper atmosphere and ionosphere. This advanced system allows for flexible transmission frequencies ranging from 2.7 to 10 MHz.

Exciting news awaits as the research team at HAARP announces upcoming tests scheduled from February 28th to March 3rd, 2024. During this period, the program will conduct a comprehensive research campaign, with operating frequencies meticulously detailed. While the precise transmit days and times remain contingent upon real-time ionospheric and geomagnetic conditions, the team has outlined a series of experiments slated for exploration.

These experiments encompass a diverse range of objectives, including the production of Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) and Very Low Frequency (VLF) emissions, along with investigations into the impact of ionospheric plasma waves on orbiting satellites.

The findings from these endeavors promise to deepen our understanding of ELF/VLF wave dynamics and pave the way for future explorations into satellite interactions within space plasma.

For enthusiasts keen on delving deeper into HAARP’s research initiatives, the program’s FAQ page provides invaluable insights. Additionally, numerous experiments will operate at frequencies aligned with the f0F2 frequency derived from Gakona ionograms. Those interested in contributing reception reports are encouraged to reach out to HAARP via the provided contact information.

For real-time updates on ionospheric conditions in Gakona, individuals can consult ionograms from the HAARP Diagnostic Suite. Furthermore, for a comprehensive understanding of HF propagation and ionogram analysis, Bootstrap Workbench offers a helpful video resource.

With these resources at our disposal, lets explore this fascinating world!!

*Source for images and information (information has been re written fro this blog) https://ei7gl.blogspot.com/2024/02/notice-upcoming-haarp-ionospheric-tests.html

 

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Michael

Revitalising RTM’s Historic Shortwave Transmitter Site: A Modern Upgrade

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In a significant move to modernise its broadcasting infrastructure, Radio Televisyen Malaysia (RTM) has breathed new life into its iconic shortwave transmitter site located in Kajang, just south of Kuala Lumpur. Established in the early 1970s, the site has played a pivotal role in RTM’s history, even as the broadcaster scaled back its shortwave offerings over the years.

The need for rejuvenation arose when an aging Transradio DMOD3 exciter, responsible for feeding the site’s Continental Electronics shortwave transmitter, faced technical issues. Responding to the challenge, RTM made the decision to usher in a new era by installing the RFmondial LVe digital broadcast exciter.

While RTM’s current plans focus on analog broadcasts, the LVe introduces a forward-looking capability, supporting the potential for simulcasting both analog and DRM digital signals. This strategic upgrade positions RTM to adapt to evolving broadcasting standards and audience preferences.

RFmondial’s Dr. Albert Waal (right) with RTM engineer Yusuf Azizi. (Photo Courtesy of RFmondial)

Dr. Albert Waal, head of hardware development for RFmondial, expressed his enthusiasm for the project, stating, “It was a great honor to upgrade this famous Malaysian transmitter site and to work with the very professional and kind staff of station engineer Yusuf Azizi and his team.”

This transformative initiative not only safeguards the operational continuity of the RTM site but also underscores the broadcaster’s commitment to staying at the forefront of broadcasting technology. As RTM embraces the future, the LVe exciter stands as a symbol of innovation, ensuring the site’s continued significance in the broadcasting landscape.

Source: Radioworld – https://www.radioworld.com/

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Michael

Explore the World’s Most Powerful Shortwave Transmitter – Where Connectivity Knows No Limits!

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WBCQ is a shortwave station operating from Monticelle in Northern Maine, North America that transmits a wide (perhaps the widest) variety of programs on legal shortwave

The high-power antenna offers different radiation patterns and an antenna gain of up to 23 dB and uses a technology characterized by a single-shaft structural design,” according to Cestron International the installer of the antenna in a project summary.

The tubular shaft has a diameter of four meters. Its support design will absorb static and dynamic forces originating from the antenna components, allowing the system to function even under extreme weather conditions, according to Cestron.

The antenna consists of low- and high-band array antennas, positioned back to back, each equipped with a reflector screen, allowing WBCQ to access all shortwave frequency bands between 6 MHz and 26 MHz.

A computer-controlled and -monitored system manages rotation and turns toward the coverage area using the shortest possible path. “Intelligent drive control ensures the large rotating part of the structure is jolt-free, starting and braking to standstill with a high rotation speed of 1.2 degrees per second and a positioning accuracy of < 1 degree,” according to Cestron.

At 500 kW with an ERP of 20 MW, it is one of the most powerful shortwave stations in the USA.

See below QSL card Garry received from them.

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Michael

Pakistan’s Ambitious DRM Project Set to Revolutionize Broadcasting Landscape

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In a momentous stride toward enhancing its broadcasting capabilities, on July 30, 2023, Radio Pakistan embarked on the groundbreaking ceremony for an expansive transmission facility, poised to connect the diverse tapestry of nations spanning from the Mediterranean to the Pacific.

The heart of this transformative endeavor revolves around the installation of a cutting-edge 1,000 kW Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM) transmitter at the eminent Radio Pakistan high-power transmission complex, strategically situated near the capital city of Islamabad. This monumental project comes with a price tag of approximately 4 billion rupees (nearly US$14 million) and is slated for completion by the year 2025.

Central to this project’s significance is its alignment with the Digital Radio Mondiale standard, which is a monumental leap into the digital age for Radio Pakistan. This groundbreaking move underscores Radio Pakistan’s commitment to modernization, leveraging state-of-the-art technology to usher in a new era of broadcasting excellence.

Image via https://www.radioworld.com/

Guiding this landmark occasion was the honorable Federal Minister for Information and Broadcasting, Marriyum Aurangzeb. Aurangzeb highlighted the pivotal role that this initiative would play in expanding Radio Pakistan’s reach, resonating across 52 nations spanning South Asia, Central Asia, the Far East, Middle East, and even Eastern Europe.

Quoting her words:

It’s worth noting that Radio Pakistan, since its inception in 1947, has primarily relied on analog medium, and shortwave transmitters. However, this transformational project acknowledges the changing tides of technology. Out of its current inventory of 20 transmitters, 14 have outlived their utility. This forward-thinking initiative is set to redefine broadcasting norms by empowering Radio Pakistan to transmit up to four distinct signals concurrently with remarkable efficiency. Moreover, the energy-efficient design of the 1,000 kW DRM transmitter is expected to reduce energy consumption by an impressive 33%, subsequently leading to substantial savings in operating costs.

Beyond the transmitter’s exceptional capabilities, Marriyum Aurangzeb revealed another ambitious plan that aligns seamlessly with the government’s vision. A new media city is poised to take shape in Rawat, complementing Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif’s visionary commitment to bolstering investment in information technology and media technologies. This holistic approach aims not only to cultivate enhanced employment opportunities but also to actively engage the youth with the captivating world of radio.

As the groundbreaking ceremony set the wheels in motion for this transformative endeavor, Pakistan takes a bold step toward shaping the future of broadcasting. With the fusion of tradition and modernity, the country’s rich tapestry of culture, identity, and communication is set to resonate across borders, reaffirming the enduring power of the airwaves to unite, inform, and inspire.

This article was reproduced by Tecsun Radios Australia from the original article posted on https://www.radioworld.com/

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